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When the angular measurements of a traverse are more precise than the linear measurements, the balancing of a traverse is done by:

Transit Rule

The Transit Rule is specifically designed for situations where angular measurements are more accurate than linear measurements. It distributes the error in latitudes and departures proportionally to the lengths of the sides.  

This method is preferred over Bowditch's rule (which assumes equal precision in both angular and linear measurements) in such cases because it minimizes the impact of the corrections on the more precise angular measurements.  

The correct answer is 1 second.

For every 195.5 km² of area on the Earth's surface, the difference between the sum of the angles of a spherical triangle and the angles of the corresponding plane triangle is approximately 1 second. This small discrepancy arises due to the curvature of the Earth.

The correct answer is all of these.

The principle of tacheometry is used in various types of surveys, including filling in details in topographic surveys, hydrographic surveys, and locating contours. It provides a method for quickly measuring distances and elevations using a tacheometer.

The wrong statement is:

The latitude is positive when measured downward or southward.

Latitude is positive when measured northward and negative when measured southward. The correct statement should be: "The latitude is negative when measured downward or southward."

The correct answer is all of these.

The tacheometric method of contouring is suitable in all the mentioned situations:

• When the area is not very extensive.
• In surveys of roads or railways.
• When a contoured map of a hill is required.

This method is useful for efficiently collecting contour data in various survey conditions.

The correct answer is whole to the part.

The fundamental principle of surveying is to work from the whole to the part. This approach ensures that the overall layout and control points are established first, allowing for more accurate and detailed work on specific parts of the survey.

When the angular and linear measurements are equally precise in traversing, the balancing of a traverse is done by:

Bowditch's rule

• Bowditch's rule is specifically designed for situations where both angular and linear measurements are considered to have equal precision.

   

   

A line joining some fixed points on the main survey lines is called a:

Tie line

• Tie lines are used to locate details that are far from the main survey line to avoid long offsets.

• They connect points on the main line to points of interest.

Therefore, the correct answer is tie line.

The correct answer is axis of telescope.

The line joining the optical center of the object glass and the center of the eyepiece is known as the axis of telescope.

The correct answer is back sight reading.

A staff reading taken on a benchmark or a point of known elevation is called a back sight reading. This reading is used to establish the height of the instrument and serves as a reference point for measuring subsequent levels.