Biology 2012 Jamb Examination
Biology 2012 Jamb Examination
Question 11
The short thick beak in birds is an adaptation for
Birds with short, thick beaks are specialized for crushing hard seeds. This adaptation allows them to break the seed coat and access the nutritious inner parts efficiently, giving them a survival advantage in seed-rich habitats.
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Question 12
The basking of Agama lizards in the sun is to
Agama lizards are ectothermic and rely on external heat sources. Basking in the sun increases their body temperature, enabling proper metabolism, movement, digestion, and overall activity necessary for survival and reproduction.
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Question 13
The significance of a very large number of termites involved in nuptial swarming is to
Termites swarm in huge numbers to overwhelm predators. By releasing so many individuals at once, enough termites survive to mate and establish new colonies, ensuring the species continues despite heavy predation.
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Question 14
The use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired traits were used to explain
Lamark proposed that organisms could develop traits through use or lose them through disuse, and these acquired traits could be inherited by offspring. This theory attempted to explain gradual adaptation over generations.
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Question 15
From his study of Galapagos finches, Darwin derived his theory of evolution from
Darwin observed variations in the physiological traits and feeding habits of finches on the Galapagos Islands. These observations of physiological adaptations led him to formulate ideas about natural selection and evolution.
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Question 16
The diseases caused by water-borne pathogens include
Water-borne diseases are transmitted through contaminated water. Typhoid and cholera are typical examples, caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae, respectively, affecting the digestive system and causing widespread illness.
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Question 17
Which of the following is true in blood transfusion?
A person with blood group AB has both A and B antigens. They can only donate to another AB individual to avoid immune reactions. This restriction ensures compatibility and prevents hemolytic transfusion reactions.
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Question 18
A yellow maize is planted and all the fruits obtained are of yellow seeds. When they are cross-bred, yellow seeds and white seeds are obtained in a ratio 3:1. The yellow seed is said to be
Yellow seed shows dominance because it appears in all offspring in the first generation. When crossed, the 3:1 ratio indicates the classic Mendelian inheritance pattern, confirming yellow is a dominant trait over white.
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Question 19
When a colour-blind man marries a carrier woman, what is the probability of their offspring being colour blind?
Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait on the X chromosome. A carrier woman has one normal and one affected X chromosome. Crossing with a colour-blind man results in 50% of male offspring being colour-blind.
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Question 20
The correct base pairing for DNA is
DNA is composed of complementary base pairs: adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. This specific pairing is crucial for accurate replication and transmission of genetic information during cell division.
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