Geography 2004 Jamb Examination

The discovery and exploitation of oil transformed Libya's economy and infrastructure, providing major revenue that spurred rapid development in the 20th century. While Algeria and Gabon have also been impacted by oil, Libya is the option commonly cited for a dramatic national-scale impact.

Textile industries in Nigeria are located at multiple major hubs, including Kaduna, with its historic large-scale mills, and Aba, known as the "Fashion Capital of Nigeria" for its concentration of garment factories and tailors. Kano is also a significant center for the industry, particularly known for fiber, weaving, and leather goods.  

The west coast of Southern Africa (e.g., the Namib and adjacent areas) is characterised by arid conditions and very low rainfall, which limits agriculture and settlement and results in low population density.

Nile, Niger, Senegal and Volta

About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans. Among the given choices, 67% is the closest approximate value.

In dense humid tropical forests, light is the limiting resource; vertical stratification (emergents, canopy, understory) develops because plants compete for sunlight, so forest structure is closely related to the demand for light.

An ore is a rock that contains sufficient metal or valuable mineral content to make extraction and processing economically viable. This distinguishes ores from general minerals or deposits.

Energy resources include fossil fuels (coal, petroleum) and renewable sources such as water (hydropower). Option D lists primary energy resources.

Spruce, fir and pine are characteristic genera of coniferous forests (boreal/temperate coniferous biomes). They are adapted to cooler climates and are dominant in coniferous forest zones.

Removal of vegetation exposes soil to rainfall and runoff, greatly increasing erosion. While other hazards may follow indirectly, soil erosion is the most direct and immediate consequence of deforestation.