Use Of English 2013 Jamb Examination

Use Of English 2013 Jamb Examination
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Music plays a vital role in human society. Good music provides entertainment and emotional release, and it accompanies activities ranging from dances to religious ceremonies. Music is heard everywhere; in auditoriums, homes, elevators, schools, sports arenas and on the streets. Recorded performance is a sensational innovation of the twentieth century. Thanks to modern technology like compact disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD) and the MP3 player, music can now be heard in diverse places. Such places include living rooms and cars. Jogging paths can also function as new kinds of concert halls where we can hear what we want as often as we want.

Live performances provide a special excitement. In a live performance artistes put themselves on the line. To avoid embarrassment, the artiste must train beforehand and ensure that technical difficulties are avoided and that the listeners are actively involved. What is performed, how it sounds, the excitement of such a moment and feelings are exchanged between stage and hall.

Our response to a musical performance or an artiste is subjective and rooted in deep feelings. Even professional critics can differ strongly in their evaluations of a performance. There is no one ''Truth'' about what we hear and feel. Does the performance project a concept, an overall idea, or an emotion? Do some sections of a piece, but not others, communicate something to you? Can you figure out why? It is up to us as listeners to evaluate performances of music so that we can fully enjoy it. People listen to music in many different ways. For instance, music can be a barely perceived background as in a film or a totally absorbing experience as in a concert.

Adapted from Roger, K. (1990) An Appreciation of Music: Fourth Brief Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.


Question 81

The expression ...stage and hall, as used in the passage, means the
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In the context of a live performance, the 'stage' is the physical space occupied by the performer or artiste, while the 'hall' refers to the auditorium or space occupied by the people watching and listening. When the passage mentions that 'feelings are exchanged between stage and hall,' it is using these locations as metonyms for the people within them. Therefore, the expression refers to the emotional connection and communication happening between the artiste (on the stage) and the audience (in the hall).
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Question 82

Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters.
termination
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termination - /ˌtɜː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
In English, words ending in the suffix '-tion' almost always have the primary stress on the penultimate syllable (the second to the last syllable). For the word 'termination', the syllables are ter-mi-na-tion. Following the rule for '-tion' suffixes, the stress falls on the third syllable 'NA'. Therefore, the pattern is termiNAtion.
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Question 83

Choose the option that rhymes with the given word.
Boys
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Boys - /bɔɪz/
noise - /nɔɪz/
A rhyme requires the identity of the terminal sound, starting from the last stressed vowel. The word 'boys' ends with the diphthong /ɔɪ/ followed by the voiced consonant /z/. 'Noise' shares exactly the same vowel and terminal consonant sound /ɔɪz/. 'Stays' (/steɪz/) has a different vowel, 'moist' (/mɔɪst/) ends in a 't' sound, and 'elbows' (/ˈel.bəʊz/) ends in a different diphthong.
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Question 84

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
Rest
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Rest - /rest/
unslaked - /ʌnˈsleɪkt/
The underlined letters 'st' in 'rest' represent the consonant cluster /st/. However, in phonetic testing, usually a specific phoneme is targeted. If we look at the /s/ sound specifically: 'result' is /rɪˈzʌlt/ (contains /z/), 'show' is /ʃəʊ/ (contains /ʃ/), and 'wise' is /waɪz/ (contains /z/). The word 'unslaked' contains the clear /s/ sound as found in 'rest'. Note: There was a typo in the original option 'unsaked', which is corrected to 'unslaked' for phonetic accuracy.
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Question 85

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
garage
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garage - /ˈɡær.ɑːʒ/
measure - /ˈmeʒ.ə/
The 'ge' in 'garage' (in this pronunciation) represents the voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/. Among the options: 'gear' uses /ɡ/, 'sure' uses /ʃ/ (voiceless), and 'pressure' uses /ʃ/ (voiceless). The word 'measure' contains the identical voiced sound /ʒ/. Therefore, 'measure' shares the same consonant sound as the end of 'garage'.
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Question 86

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
Cock
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cock - /kɒk/
cop - /kɒp/
The underlined 'o' in 'cock' represents the short open back rounded vowel /ɒ/. Looking at the options: 'cope' uses the diphthong /əʊ/, 'cork' uses the long vowel /ɔː/, and 'cup' uses /ʌ/. The word 'cop' uses the same short /ɒ/ vowel as 'cock'.
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Question 87

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
Says
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says - /sez/
wet - /wet/
The word 'says' is a common irregular pronunciation in English where 'ays' represents the short 'e' sound /e/. It does not rhyme with 'days' or 'rain'. Comparing the options: 'fierce' has /ɪə/, 'dam' has /æ/, and 'rain' has /eɪ/. The word 'wet' uses the identical short vowel sound /e/. Thus, 'wet' is the correct match for the vowel sound in 'says'.
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Question 88

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
bushes
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bushes - /ˈbʊʃ.ɪz/
shoes - /ʃuːz/
When a word ends in a sibilant sound like /ʃ/, the plural '-es' is pronounced as /ɪz/, featuring the voiced /z/ sound. In 'shapes' (/ʃeɪps/), 'rapes' (/reɪps/), and 'rakes' (/reɪks/), the final 's' is pronounced as the voiceless /s/ because it follows voiceless consonants (p, k). However, in 'shoes', the 's' follows a vowel sound, making it voiced /z/. Therefore, 'shoes' shares the same final consonant sound as 'bushes'.
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Question 89

Choose the option that best completes the gap:
It was very easy for the two political parties to form a _______ Government.
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In political terminology, a 'coalition' government is one formed by two or more political parties cooperating together, usually when no single party has achieved a majority. The word 'collusion' refers to a secret or illegal cooperation to deceive others, which does not fit the official formation of a government. 'Co-operative' is more common in business or general social efforts, and 'colonial' refers to a period of foreign rule. Therefore, 'coalition' is the precise term for the merging of parties to govern.
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Question 90

Choose the option that best completes the gap:
All farmers were encouraged _______ carry out fumigation on their farms.
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The verb 'encourage' is a transitive verb that typically follows the structure: encourage + someone + to-infinitive. In this sentence, the farmers are the ones being encouraged, and the action being promoted is 'to carry out fumigation'. Using 'in', 'with', or 'from' would result in an ungrammatical sentence because they are prepositions that do not properly link the verb 'encourage' to the subsequent action in this context.
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Use-of-english 2013 Jamb Examination
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