Computer Science Test 4 Nddc Scholarship

Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers pose as a trustworthy entity—like a bank, social media platform, or government agency—to deceive victims. By sending fraudulent emails or messages, they trick users into disclosing sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal identification details.

A security hoax often takes the form of a pop-up or email alert claiming your system is heavily infected. The goal is to manipulate the user's fear to make them download actual malware, pay for 'fake' antivirus software, or follow instructions that compromise their system's security.

Private data includes sensitive information such as medical records, financial statements, or personal communications. Ethically and legally, this data is restricted to authorized individuals with a legitimate 'need-to-know,' and protecting it is a core requirement of data privacy laws and professional security standards.

A Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is a group of expert researchers and security professionals who handle cyber threats. They provide incident response services, publish security alerts about new vulnerabilities, and help organizations recover from large-scale attacks or data breaches.

A computer worm is a standalone piece of malware. Unlike a virus, which must attach itself to an existing file or program to survive, a worm is a self-contained program that replicates itself and spreads automatically across networks by exploiting security holes in operating systems.

Availability is one of the three pillars of the CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability). It ensures that authorized users have reliable and timely access to data and resources. Security measures like hardware redundancy and DDoS protection are used to prevent system downtime that would block legitimate access.

Computer-related vandalism involves the intentional destruction or defacement of digital assets or physical hardware. This can include deleting essential system files, physically damaging a server, or spreading malware specifically designed to render a system unusable or destroy stored data.

Website defacement is an attack on a website that changes the visual appearance of the site or a webpage. Hackers typically replace the original content with their own messages, images, or political statements. It is often achieved by exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities or gaining unauthorized administrative access.

Malicious emails use a combination of an alarming subject line and a persuasive message body to create a sense of urgency. The text within the email is specifically crafted to convince the user that the attached file is important—such as an urgent invoice or a shipping notification—to trick them into opening it.

Computer system security refers to the various technological and administrative safeguards implemented to protect computer hardware, software, and data. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access, theft, or damage while ensuring the privacy and reliability of the information stored and processed within the system.