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In a series-parallel circuit, components that are in the same current path must be in series with each other.

So, the correct answer is:

series with each other

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) applies to circuits with linear, non-linear, active, passive, time-varying, and time-invariant elements. It is a fundamental law of circuit theory that holds true in a wide range of circuit configurations and with various types of elements.

So, the correct answer is:

linear, non-linear, active, passive, time-varying as well as time-invariant elements

The statement "Maximum power output is obtained from a network when the load resistance is equal to the output resistance of the network as seen from the terminals of the load" is associated with the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

So, the correct answer is:

Maximum power transfer theorem

An ideal voltage source should have zero source resistance. This means that it can provide a constant voltage regardless of the current drawn from it, and it will not drop voltage across any internal resistance.

So, the correct answer is:

zero source resistance

While calculating the Thevenin's equivalent resistance (\(R_{\text{th}}\)) or the Norton equivalent resistance (\(R_{\text{N}}\)), all independent sources are made dead (replaced by their internal resistances if any). Dependent sources, if present, are left as they are since they depend on circuit conditions. 

So, the correct answer is:

all independent sources are made dead

For high efficiency of power transfer, the internal resistance of the source should be less than the load resistance. This condition is in accordance with the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, which states that maximum power is transferred from a source to a load when the resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source.

So, the correct answer is:

less than the load resistance

The circuit described, containing resistors, capacitors, and semiconductor diodes, would be classified as a non-linear circuit. 

Semiconductor diodes exhibit non-linear behavior, particularly when forward or reverse biased. This non-linearity distinguishes such circuits from purely linear ones.

So, the correct answer is:

non-linear circuit

The circuit described, containing resistors, capacitors, and semiconductor diodes, would be classified as a non-linear circuit. 

Semiconductor diodes exhibit non-linear behavior, particularly when forward or reverse biased. This non-linearity distinguishes such circuits from purely linear ones.

So, the correct answer is:

non-linear circuit

The heater coil is not a non-linear element. It typically behaves in a linear manner concerning its resistance with respect to temperature. 

Gas diodes, tunnel diodes, and electric arcs exhibit non-linear characteristics in their current-voltage relationships.

So, the correct answer is:

Heater coil

The passive element among the options provided is capacitance. 

Passive elements are those that consume energy rather than generate it. Capacitance, along with resistance and inductance, is one of the fundamental passive elements in electrical circuits.

Ideal current and voltage sources, on the other hand, are active elements as they can generate or provide energy to the circuit.

So, the correct answer is:

Capacitance