Computer Studies 2025 Jamb Examination

While outdated software is a vulnerability, weak passwords are one of the most common direct security threats. They make it easy for unauthorized users to gain access to accounts through brute-force attacks or guessing, leading to compromised data.

Efficiency in computing refers to the optimal use of resources (like CPU time, memory, and electricity) to perform a task. An efficient computer system accomplishes its work with minimal energy consumption and resource waste.

To Compress (or Zip) files means to reduce their size and combine them into a single archive file. This makes it easier to share multiple documents at once via email or to save storage space.

In a spreadsheet like Excel, a formula is an expression or predefined calculation that operates on values in a range of cells. Formulas always begin with an equal sign (\( = \)) and perform mathematical operations.

An Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system is broadly composed of hardware (physical parts), software (instructions), networks (connectivity), data, and people. These components work together to process and transmit information.

The Formatting Toolbar (or the Paragraph group on the Home tab in modern versions) contains the essential tools for modifying the appearance of text. This includes alignment (left, center, right, justify), indentation, and line spacing. The Insert toolbar is for adding objects, and the Review toolbar is for spellcheck and tracking changes.

The Notes Page view allows you to see how your printed notes will look. It provides a large text area below each slide where you can type detailed speaker notes. While you can also edit notes in the 'Normal' view pane, 'Notes Page' is the specific view mentioned for this purpose. Presenter view is used during the actual presentation to see those notes.

High-level languages (like Python or Java) are designed to be human-readable. However, because they are further removed from the machine code (the abstraction layer), they must be translated by a compiler or interpreter. This extra step and the generalized nature of the code can sometimes lead to slower execution speeds compared to low-level languages like Assembly or C.

Virtual Reality (VR) provides the most immersive experience by completely replacing the user's real-world environment with a simulated 3D world. VR headsets track head movements to allow the user to 'look around' the game world, creating a sense of presence that PEDs or simple viewers cannot match.

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company (like MTN, Airtel, or Glo in Nigeria) that provides individuals and organizations with access to the internet and other related services such as website hosting and virtual networking.