Government 2009 Jamb Examination

A. incessant interference by government.
Frequent political interference disrupts stability and decision-making, hindering efficiency in public corporations.

C. National Judicial Council.
The NJC is responsible for recommending candidates for judicial appointments at the federal level under the 1999 Constitution.

B. chief-in-council.
This system allowed traditional rulers to govern with a council of advisers, ensuring centralized authority before the 1976 reforms.

D. clan.
The Tiv operated a decentralized system where governance and authority rested within clans rather than centralized rulers.

C. Pan-Africa Congress.
The Pan-African movement inspired Nigerian nationalists to intensify struggles for independence and self-determination.

B. PRP did not control any state in the Second Republic. NAP, NPP, and GNPP had varying state controls during that period.

C. signing of treaties
Pacification in Nigeria involved acquiring territories through formal agreements and treaties rather than outright conflict. Colonial administrators often used treaties to establish control and manage local resistance. This process allowed them to claim authority while minimizing military engagement.
Through these treaties, areas were brought under administrative control, enabling the colonial government to enforce its laws, extract resources, and establish political influence over the indigenous population.

D. Ibrahim Babangida
Counter-trade was introduced during General Ibrahim Babangida's administration as a way to manage foreign exchange shortages. This policy required exporters and importers to engage in barter-like transactions, ensuring that payments were balanced and foreign reserves preserved.
The policy had mixed results; it stimulated trade in some sectors but also created inefficiencies. Businesses often found it cumbersome, and over time, the practice declined as Nigeria moved toward more conventional foreign exchange management systems.

D. the power to compel the member nations to comply with its decisions
The Commonwealth operates primarily on consensus and voluntary cooperation. Unlike some international organizations, it cannot legally enforce decisions or compel compliance among its members. This limitation reduces its influence in ensuring uniform policies across all nations.
While it promotes collaboration, education, and development programs, the absence of enforcement powers means that member nations may act independently, limiting the effectiveness of the Commonwealth in addressing international disputes or enforcing collective agreements.

B. Mauritania
Mauritania withdrew from ECOWAS due to political and economic considerations. As a member of the Arab Maghreb Union and geographically more aligned with North Africa, Mauritania found its interests better served outside ECOWAS.
The withdrawal allowed Mauritania to focus on regional priorities and partnerships more closely aligned with its strategic and economic goals. However, this reduced its influence within the West African economic integration framework.