Graduate Trainee Logical Reasoning Access Bank Job
Graduate Trainee Logical Reasoning Access Bank Job
Question 11
Testifying before the Senate committee investigating charges that cigarette manufacturers had manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes in order to addict consumers to their products, tobacco executives argued that cigarette smoking is not addictive. The primary reason they gave in support of this claim was that cigarette smoking was not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
For the tobacco executives' argument to be logically correct, which of the following must be assumed?
For the tobacco executives' argument to be logically correct, which of the following must be assumed?
The executives’ reasoning depends on the assumption that substances not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration are not addictive. Without this assumption, their argument that cigarettes are non-addictive because they are unregulated would be invalid. This assumption links regulation status directly to addictiveness, making the argument logically consistent.
Not clear enough?
Question 12
People should be held accountable for their own behaviour, and if holding people accountable for their own behaviour entails capital punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be held accountable for behaviour over which he or she had no control.
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?
The argument links accountability to control, implying that only behaviours within a person’s control warrant responsibility or punishment. Therefore, the logical conclusion is that people have control over their own behaviour, as this aligns with the premise that punishment or accountability depends on personal control.
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Question 13
There is clear evidence that the mandated use of safety seats by children under age four has resulted in fewer child fatalities over the past five years. Compared to the five-year period prior to the passage of laws requiring the use of safety seats, fatalities of children under age four have decreased by 30 percent.
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the argument above?
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the argument above?
If the number of serious automobile accidents involving young children has remained constant, then the 30% drop in fatalities can be attributed to the use of safety seats rather than to fewer accidents. This directly strengthens the causal link between safety seats and reduced fatalities.
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Question 14
Lycopene, glutathione, and glutamine are powerful antioxidants that neutralise the free radicals that are produced in the body as a result of routine bodily processes. An excess of these free radicals in your system causes rapid ageing because they accelerate the rate of cellular damage. Ageing is simply the result of this damage. Thus, to slow down ageing it is necessary to supplement your diet with these antioxidants on a daily basis.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's contention?
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's contention?
If exercise naturally neutralises free radicals, then the need for antioxidant supplements is greatly reduced. This contradicts the author's claim that daily antioxidant supplementation is necessary to slow ageing, thereby weakening the argument significantly.
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Question 15
Is it wrong for doctors to lie about their patients’ illnesses? Are doctors not like any other people we hire to do a job for us? Surely, we would not tolerate not being told the truth about the condition of our automobile from the mechanic we hired to fix it, or the condition of our roof from the carpenter we employed to repair it. Just as these workers would be guilty of violating their good faith contracts with us if they were to do this, doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses violate these contracts as well, and this is clearly wrong.
The conclusion of the argument is best expressed by which of the following?
The conclusion of the argument is best expressed by which of the following?
The argument draws an analogy between doctors and other professionals to establish a moral claim — that lying violates a contract of trust. The concluding statement declares that such lying by doctors is wrong, which aligns directly with the argument’s moral conclusion.
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Question 16
As any economist knows, healthy people pose less of an economic burden to society than unhealthy people. Not surprisingly, then, every dollar our state government spends on prenatal care for undocumented immigrants will save taxpayers of this state three dollars.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the statistics cited above are not surprising?
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the statistics cited above are not surprising?
If pregnant women who lack prenatal care are more likely to have health problems, then providing such care reduces future healthcare costs. This explains why spending on prenatal care saves more money later, making the statistics unsurprising.
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Question 17
Beautiful beaches attract people, no doubt about it. Just look at this city’s beautiful beaches, which are among the most overcrowded in the state.
Which of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to the one exhibited in the argument above?
Which of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to the one exhibited in the argument above?
Both arguments infer a cause from an observed correlation. In the beach argument, overcrowding is attributed to beauty; in the dog example, fleas’ prevalence in warm weather is attributed to their thriving in such conditions. Hence, option D parallels the reasoning pattern.
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Question 18
Our school district should not spend its money on the new Verbal Advantage reading programme. After all, our students get all the reading practice they need by studying history and science.
The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
The argument assumes that the Verbal Advantage programme provides only reading practice — the same skill students already develop through studying history and science. Without this assumption, the argument that the programme is unnecessary collapses.
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Question 19
A study of native-born residents in Newland found that two-thirds of the children developed considerable levels of nearsightedness after starting school, while their illiterate parents and grandparents, who had no opportunity for formal schooling, showed no signs of this disability.
If the above statements are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
If the above statements are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
The correlation between schooling and nearsightedness suggests that the visual strain from reading and studying contributes to the condition. Therefore, the most supported conclusion is that nearsightedness results from the visual stress associated with formal education.
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Question 20
Newspaper publishers earn their profits primarily from advertising revenue, and potential advertisers are more likely to advertise in newspapers with a wide circulation of a large number of subscribers and readers than with others. But the circulation of the newspaper that is currently the most profitable one in this city has steadily declined during the last two years, while the circulation of one of its competitors has steadily increased.
Any of the following, if true, would help explain the apparent discrepancy between the two statements above EXCEPT:
Any of the following, if true, would help explain the apparent discrepancy between the two statements above EXCEPT:
Options A, B, C, and D could explain why the newspaper remains most profitable despite declining circulation. However, option E (removed here) introduced an unrelated factor about competition rather than profitability, hence it does not help explain the discrepancy.