Graduate Trainee Logical Reasoning Access Bank Job
Graduate Trainee Logical Reasoning Access Bank Job
Question 21
Steve and JoAnne are both members of a certain club, though they are not speaking to each other and refuse to work with each other. Cecily, the club president, is appointing members to the fundraising committee, but she has resolved that she will not appoint anyone without his or her explicit consent. Steve tells Cecily, "I will not consent to appointment on that committee unless I know whether JoAnne is to be a member of it." And JoAnne says, "I will not consent to be a member of that committee unless I know whether Steve will be appointed to it."
If all three of these people stick by these resolutions, then:
Since Cecily requires explicit consent before appointing anyone, and both Steve and JoAnne require prior knowledge of the other's decision before consenting, neither will give consent first. This mutual dependency prevents both from being appointed together. However, Cecily can appoint one of them if that person independently consents after knowing the other’s decision not to join. Hence, either one of them can be appointed, but not both.
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Question 22
Russia's aggressive fishing in the prime fishing grounds of the Northern Pacific has led to a sharp decline in the populations of many fish and a general increase in the retail price of fish. This same pattern has occurred with far too many of our scarce vital natural resources, resulting in high prices for many products. It is likely then, that fish prices will continue to rise in the near future.
In making the argument above, the author relies on all of the following assumptions EXCEPT:
In making the argument above, the author relies on all of the following assumptions EXCEPT:
The statement assumes that fish scarcity and reduced supply influence prices, and that no other major cost reductions will counteract the rise in price. However, the idea that fishing practices influence demand for fish (option E) is unrelated to the argument’s causal reasoning about scarcity and price — it is therefore not assumed.
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Question 23
During the past year, Boz Corporation, a cigarette manufacturer, has engaged in a 'corporate image' advertising campaign. One executive now urges that the advertising be extended for another year because profits have increased by 29% over the previous year. Another executive, however, is skeptical. She observes that the increases are typical for the industry over the past year, although none of their competitors have used corporate image advertising.
The most accurate way of summarising the second executive's point would be:
The most accurate way of summarising the second executive's point would be:
The second executive highlights that other companies without corporate image advertising experienced the same profit increase. This undermines the causal claim that the advertising caused the profit growth, suggesting the same effect occurred elsewhere without the cause.
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Question 24
The senate candidate expressed outrage that few judges have any background in technology, yet they try to resolve cases involving high-tech companies. He stated that not one federal judge has a degree or any experience in computer technology.
A promising response to this concern, arguing that things are not as bad as they might seem, could involve which of the following claims?
A promising response to this concern, arguing that things are not as bad as they might seem, could involve which of the following claims?
The candidate’s concern is about judges lacking technical expertise. A good counterpoint is that most legal issues involving technology depend more on moral and social values than on deep technical knowledge. Therefore, having no technical degree does not hinder their ability to judge such cases effectively.
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Question 25
There has been a sharp increase in the subscription prices of many professional and scholarly journals in the past seven years. Many publishers ascribe the necessity for these increases to the easy availability of photocopying facilities, which enable people simply to copy the articles they want rather than buying the journal.
Which of the following, if it is true, would make this explanation more plausible?
Which of the following, if it is true, would make this explanation more plausible?
The explanation that photocopying caused the price increase becomes stronger if individual subscriptions had already been declining before prices rose, as people were copying rather than subscribing. Option C directly supports this causal link, making the publishers’ justification more plausible.
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Question 26
Smoking in bed has long been the main cause of home fires. Despite a significant decline in cigarette smoking in the last two decades, there has been no comparable decline in the number of people killed in home fires.
Each one of the following statements, if true over the last two decades, helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy above EXCEPT:
Each one of the following statements, if true over the last two decades, helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy above EXCEPT:
The argument notes that although cigarette smoking has declined, deaths from home fires have not decreased. Statements that explain this could include factors that offset the decline in smoking, such as increased kitchen fires or other causes.
Option A, C, and D each help explain the discrepancy. For example, D suggests another source of home fires causing deaths, thus maintaining the death rate despite reduced smoking.
However, option B merely describes a typical characteristic of smoking-in-bed fires (occurring when occupants are asleep), which does not resolve the discrepancy. It fails to provide information explaining why deaths have not decreased.
Therefore, B does not help resolve the discrepancy.
Option A, C, and D each help explain the discrepancy. For example, D suggests another source of home fires causing deaths, thus maintaining the death rate despite reduced smoking.
However, option B merely describes a typical characteristic of smoking-in-bed fires (occurring when occupants are asleep), which does not resolve the discrepancy. It fails to provide information explaining why deaths have not decreased.
Therefore, B does not help resolve the discrepancy.
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Question 27
Mrs. Mason is gifted with psychic powers that enable her to foretell future events. In the past, Mrs. Mason has predicted such actual events as the election of President Clinton, the stock market crash of 1987, and the St. Louis Cardinals' 1982 World Series victory. These are just a few of Mrs. Mason's accurate predictions.
The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the strength of the argument above?
The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the strength of the argument above?
The argument aims to establish the credibility of Mrs. Mason’s psychic powers by listing a few successful predictions. To evaluate the strength of this claim, we need to know how frequently her predictions are correct overall.
If only a few predictions came true among many incorrect ones, the claim of psychic ability would be weak. If most predictions came true, it would strengthen the claim.
Thus, determining the percentage of accurate predictions directly assesses the argument’s strength.
If only a few predictions came true among many incorrect ones, the claim of psychic ability would be weak. If most predictions came true, it would strengthen the claim.
Thus, determining the percentage of accurate predictions directly assesses the argument’s strength.
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Question 28
An ingredient in coffee, known as RTC, has been found to inactivate common cold viruses in experiments. In previous experiments, researchers found that inactivated common cold viruses can convert healthy cells into cancer cells. It can be concluded that the use of coffee can cause cancer.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
The argument assumes that because RTC alone can inactivate viruses that might lead to cancer, coffee—which contains RTC—will cause cancer. This is a causal fallacy.
If other ingredients in coffee neutralise RTC’s harmful effects, the conclusion that coffee causes cancer is significantly weakened.
Therefore, B directly challenges the link between coffee consumption and cancer development by introducing an offsetting factor.
If other ingredients in coffee neutralise RTC’s harmful effects, the conclusion that coffee causes cancer is significantly weakened.
Therefore, B directly challenges the link between coffee consumption and cancer development by introducing an offsetting factor.
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Question 29
Jack Bygrave is an executive at a major South African diamond company that produces 2% of the world's total annual diamond production. The CFO is anxious to maximise revenues and increase sales. Bygrave, however, believes that increased production would only drive down the world price of diamonds and lower revenues.
Which of the following represents the logical flaw in Bygrave's reasoning?
Which of the following represents the logical flaw in Bygrave's reasoning?
Bygrave’s company produces only 2% of the world’s diamonds—a small fraction of total supply. Therefore, its output is unlikely to have a major effect on global diamond prices.
His reasoning assumes that the company’s production can significantly influence the world price, which is unrealistic given its small market share.
This makes C the logical flaw: assuming a minor supplier can affect total market equilibrium.
His reasoning assumes that the company’s production can significantly influence the world price, which is unrealistic given its small market share.
This makes C the logical flaw: assuming a minor supplier can affect total market equilibrium.
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Question 30
The crux of creativity resides in the ability to manufacture variations on a theme. If we look at the history of science, for instance, we see that every idea is built upon a thousand related ideas. Careful analysis leads us to understand that what we choose to call a new theme or a new discovery is itself always and without exception some sort of variation, on a deep level, of previous themes.
If all of the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
If all of the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
The passage claims that all discoveries are variations of previous ideas. Therefore, A, B, C, and D logically follow from this premise. However, E (not listed here because it is the EXCEPT) would contradict the premise by suggesting that some new discoveries are not variations of previous themes.
Hence, the statement that denies this relationship (E) would not be true if the passage’s assumptions are accepted.
Hence, the statement that denies this relationship (E) would not be true if the passage’s assumptions are accepted.
Not clear enough?
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