Computer Science Test 5 Nddc Scholarship

Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking and essentially establishes the foundation of the modern Internet.

In networking, a 'host' is any computer or device that is connected to a network and is assigned a unique IP address. A host can provide resources, services, and applications to other nodes on the network or simply act as a client requesting them.

The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the committee that created the standard for lossy compression of digital images. It is the most common image format used by digital cameras and for transmitting photographic images over the internet because it can significantly reduce file size while maintaining acceptable visual quality.

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer communication protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. It was most commonly used to connect a computer to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over a dial-up or DSL telephone line, providing authentication, encryption, and compression.

A T1 line is a dedicated, high-speed fiber optic or copper link used by businesses to connect to the internet. While standard modems and ISDN offer much lower speeds, a T1 line provides a consistent, symmetric bandwidth (typically 1.544 Mbps), which was significantly faster than consumer-grade dial-up or early DSL connections.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the unique address used to identify a specific resource (like a web page or image) on the World Wide Web. It specifies both the protocol used to access the data and the location of the resource on a specific server.

Intel is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer and is famous for the processors (CPUs) that power most personal computers. While Microsoft and Novell are primarily software-focused, and Sun Microsystems was known for both hardware and software, Intel's core business is the physical design and production of hardware components.

Closed-loop systems use 'feedback' to monitor their own output and make adjustments to reach a desired state. For example, a thermostat is a closed-loop system: it measures the current temperature (feedback) and turns the heater on or off based on how that measurement compares to the target setting.

Schools use content filters to block harmful, distracting, or inappropriate content to ensure a safe learning environment. Controlled access policies prioritize educational sites that support the curriculum while blocking chat rooms, social media, and sites containing adult content or hate speech.

A validation check is an automated process performed by the computer to ensure that data entered into a system meets specific criteria (like length or format) before it is processed. This prevents errors by ensuring the data is sensible and follows the rules set by the system designer.