Petroleum Engineering Test 1 Nddc Scholarship

Correct Answer: A. Turn Key

A turnkey contract is one in which the contractor agrees to complete a project at a fixed price, and the operator pays that exact amount regardless of unforeseen costs or changes during the project.

Correct Answer: B. Adsorbed gas

Adsorbed gas refers to gas molecules that adhere to the surface of materials, like grains in reservoir rocks or organic matter in shale formations. It is different from absorbed gas, which penetrates into the bulk of the material.

Correct answer: D. 1/length

In Forchheimer's equation, which models non-Darcy (high-velocity) flow through porous media, the non-Darcy flow coefficient β\beta has the units of inverse length (i.e., 1/length).

This is because the additional pressure drop due to inertial effects is proportional to β⋅ρ⋅v2\beta \cdot \rho \cdot v^2, and to maintain consistency in units (pressure per length), β\beta must have the unit 1/length.

Correct answer: D. Cobbles

In the Udden-Wentworth grain size scale, the size classes from smaller to larger are:

• Sand

• Granule

• Pebble

• Cobbles

• Boulder

So, cobbles lie between pebbles and boulders.

Correct answer: C. Macwilliams model

The Macwilliams model is specifically used to estimate pressure drop through perforations, especially in unstimulated wells. It accounts for the geometry and flow characteristics around perforations, helping to assess pressure losses during production.

Correct answer: A. Mechanical specific energy

Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) is a parameter used in drilling to represent the energy required to remove a unit volume of rock, typically expressed in kilopound force per square inch (kpsi). It helps evaluate drilling efficiency in real-time.

Correct answer: D. Silver Nitrate Solution

Chloride concentration in drilling fluids is commonly determined by titrating with Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃). Silver ions react with chloride ions to form a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl), making it a reliable method for chloride analysis.

Correct answer: D. Schilthuis model:

The Schilthuis model assumes that water influx rate is directly proportional to the pressure drop between the average reservoir pressure and the aquifer boundary pressure. It is a simple, linear, and widely used model for estimating aquifer support in reservoir engineering.

Correct answer: B. Tail mute

A tail mute is a type of time cut-off applied in seismic data processing. It eliminates late-arriving, low-frequency noise that is often not part of the primary signal, thereby enhancing data quality.

• Die mute is not a standard term in seismic processing.

• Stockpile and Schilthuis are unrelated to seismic noise filtering.

Correct answer: C. Liquefaction

Liquefaction is the process where natural gas is cooled to approximately -162°C (-260°F), transforming it into a liquid (LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas). During this process, impurities such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons are removed to ensure efficiency and safety.