Agricultural Science 2013 Jamb Examination

Root hairs are tiny, hair-like projections that extend from the root epidermis. They are essential for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Their small size and large surface area maximize contact with the soil particles, allowing for efficient absorption. The diagram clearly shows a thin, elongated structure extending from the root, which is the characteristic feature of a root hair. 

Root nodules are associated with nitrogen fixation, as they contain bacteria (Rhizobium species) that convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms the plant can use for growth.

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower is transferred to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

Vegetative propagation typically uses stem, root, and leaf parts because these contain meristematic tissues capable of producing new plants.

Drilling is the most suitable planting pattern for mechanized mono-cropped farms as it allows seeds to be sown in straight rows with uniform depth, facilitating mechanized cultivation and harvesting.

Sandy loam soils offer the right balance of drainage and fertility needed for these crops. They are well-drained, allowing for good root development, yet still hold enough moisture to support growth. 

Forages that are chopped green and fed directly to livestock are known as D. soilage. Hay is dried before feeding, silage is preserved through fermentation, and fodder is a broader term for any livestock feed. 

Floriculture is the branch of horticulture that focuses on the cultivation and management of flowers.

Some weeds are useful in controlling soil erosion because their roots help bind the soil, reducing loss from wind and water.

Cassava mosaic disease is transmitted by whiteflies, particularly Bemisia nigerensis, which carry the virus from infected to healthy plants.