Agricultural Science 2013 Jamb Examination

Avian influenza is caused by a virus, which infects birds and can spread rapidly in poultry populations.

In aquaculture, inoculation refers to the introduction of selected plankton species to improve the pond ecosystem and provide food for fish.

Pedigree selection involves choosing animals for breeding based on the performance of their ancestors, predicting potential traits in offspring.

Land is the most critical factor of production in crop farming because all crop activities depend on the availability of suitable land.

The farmer should stop adding inputs at the point where marginal returns begin to decline sharply, which is typically at point III on the production curve.

Elastic demand means that when the price of a product changes, consumers are highly sensitive to that change, leading to a significant increase or decrease in the quantity demanded. 

When discussing farm labour, the focus is typically on the amount of time spent working by individuals or teams on the farm, often measured in hours or days. 

A payroll record documents the wages and other payments made to an employee. This includes information like their name, Social Security number, hours worked, pay rate, and any deductions. The date of employment, marking the start of their employment with the company, is a crucial piece of information within this record. 

Retailers can create artificial scarcity by hoarding goods, which involves stockpiling products to reduce market supply and increase demand or price. While underproduction can also lead to less available goods, it is a result of deliberate supply restriction, and price hiking is a consequence of perceived or artificial scarcity, not the method of creating it. Processing is a part of the product's lifecycle and does not create scarcity. 

While individual methods like farm visits can be effective, they are time-consuming and less scalable. Mass media, like radio and television, can reach a large audience quickly, but it often lacks the interactive element needed for farmers to ask questions and clarify doubts. Cooperative methods involve collaboration among farmers, which can be beneficial for knowledge sharing, but they might not be suitable for disseminating information on a large scale or for urgent matters.