Biology 2024 Jamb Examination

The bacteria in the human large intestine help synthesize vitamins, especially vitamin K and some B vitamins, which are then absorbed by the body. They do not produce glucose, amino acids, or minerals in significant amounts.

Earthworms excrete urea as their main nitrogenous waste product. Ammonia is typical of aquatic animals, uric acid of birds and reptiles, and carbon dioxide is a respiratory waste.

Aestivation is a state of dormancy that animals enter to survive extreme heat or drought. It allows them to conserve water and reduce metabolic activity until favorable conditions return.

A photometer is used to measure light intensity. A thermometer measures temperature, an anemometer measures wind speed, and a hygrometer measures humidity.

White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are found in both blood and lymph, playing a crucial role in the immune system. 

Selective reabsorption occurs mainly in the Henle's loop (and proximal tubule) of the nephron, where essential nutrients, water, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are involved in filtration, while the urethra is the exit for urine.

Sclerenchyma tissue is composed of dead cells with thickened lignified walls that provide mechanical support to the plant. Living cells, tracheids, and meristematic cells have different roles in the plant structure.

The human vertebral column has 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae. This total includes both fused and unfused vertebrae.

Termites use swarming as a reproductive strategy to overcome overcrowding in their colonies. Swarming allows them to disperse and establish new colonies. Rats, tilapia, and lizards do not typically use swarming for this purpose.

Loamy soil is ideal for plant growth because it has high humus content and good porosity, allowing for proper aeration, water retention, and nutrient availability. It is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay.