Biology 2025 Jamb Examination

Euglena and Paramecium are unicellular (cellular level). Hydra is a coelenterate with tissues but no true organs (tissue level). An onion bulb is a complex structure made of modified leaves and a stem, representing the organ level of organization in plants.

UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) was specifically created to provide humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries and during global emergencies.

DNA is a polymer made up of many repeating monomer units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases.

Carbon monoxide (CO) has a much higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen does. When inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, potentially leading to suffocation and death.

While 'apical' describes the location, the actual tissue type characterized by constant cell division is meristematic tissue. Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells that allow for primary and secondary growth in plants.

Macronutrients are essential elements required by plants in relatively large amounts. These include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S), and Calcium (Ca). Elements like Boron, Iron, and Zinc are considered micronutrients because they are needed only in trace amounts.

The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee and is designed to support the weight of the body during locomotion and standing.

While both bats and birds can fly and are warm-blooded (homeothermic), bats are mammals. A defining mammalian characteristic that birds lack is the possession of mammary glands used to nourish their young with milk. Birds and bats both have four-chambered hearts.

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In a standard diagram of the female reproductive system, label I usually refers to the ovary and label II typically points to the uterus (womb), the muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.

The relationship is a form of symbiosis, specifically mutualism. The bacteria and protozoa help the cattle digest cellulose (which the cattle cannot do alone), and in return, the microorganisms receive a stable environment and a constant supply of food. Both parties benefit from this close association.