Chemistry 2017 Jamb Examination

Chemistry 2017 Jamb Examination
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Question 1

The general formula of alkanones is
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Alkanones are ketones. The general formula for ketones is \( \text{RCOR'} \), where R and R' are alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group \( (C=O) \).

Hence, the correct formula is RCOR.
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Question 2

The constituent common to duralumin and alnico is
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Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium, copper, manganese, and magnesium.
Alnico is an alloy of aluminium, nickel, and cobalt.

The common element in both alloys is aluminium (Al).
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Question 3

The shape of the S-orbital is
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An s-orbital has spherical symmetry around the nucleus, meaning the probability of finding an electron is the same in all directions.

Therefore, the shape of the s-orbital is spherical.
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Question 4

Aluminium hydroxide is used in the dyeing industry as a
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A mordant is a substance that helps fix dyes on fabrics by forming an insoluble complex with the dye.

Aluminium hydroxide acts as a mordant in the dyeing industry.
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Question 5

The tincture of iodine means iodine dissolved in
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Tincture of iodine is a solution of iodine in alcohol (usually ethanol) and water, used as an antiseptic.

Hence, iodine is dissolved in ethanol.
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Question 6

Temporary hard water is formed when rain water containing dissolved carbon(IV) oxide flows over deposits of
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Temporary hardness is caused by calcium hydrogen carbonate, \( \text{Ca(HCO}_3)_2 \), formed when carbon dioxide in rainwater reacts with calcium carbonate deposits:
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2
Therefore, it is formed when rainwater flows over CaCO₃ deposits.
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Question 7

The acid anhydride that will produce weak acid in water is
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Acid anhydrides react with water to form acids.

\( \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \)
Carbonic acid \( (\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3) \) is a weak acid.

Therefore, COâ‚‚ is the acid anhydride that produces a weak acid.
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Question 8

The process that occurs when two equivalent forms of a compound are in equilibrium is
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When two equivalent forms of a compound differ only in electron arrangement and exist in equilibrium, the phenomenon is called resonance.

Example: \( \text{O}_3 \) shows resonance between two structures.
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Question 9

In the laboratory preparation of ethyl ethanoate, the water present in the mixture is removed using
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Ethyl ethanoate is prepared by esterification of ethanol and ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \).

The acid acts as a dehydrating agent, removing water to drive the reaction forward:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \] 
Hence, concentrated Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ is used to remove water.
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Question 10

The constituent of air necessary in the rusting process are
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Rusting of iron requires both oxygen and water to form hydrated iron(III) oxide:
4Fe + 6H2O + 3O2 → 4Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 dehydrates to form Fe2O3·xH2O (rust)
Hence, O2 and H2O are the necessary constituents.
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Chemistry 2017 Jamb Examination
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