Computer Science Test 3 Nddc Scholarship

Instant Messaging (IM) is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the internet. Unlike email, which can have a delay, IM allows for immediate back-and-forth conversation. Most modern IM services have expanded to include file sharing, emojis, and voice or video calling features.

A logic bomb is a piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that remains dormant until specific conditions are met. These conditions could be a specific date (like Friday the 13th), a certain number of times a program is run, or even the deletion of a specific employee's user account from a database.

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that misleads users of its true intent by appearing as a legitimate or useful program. While a virus attaches to a file and spreads, a Trojan must be manually executed by the user. Once inside the system, it can create 'backdoors' for hackers, but it lacks the built-in code to self-replicate to other files or computers.

Computer security, also known as cybersecurity, aims to ensure the 'CIA Triad': Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. This involves implementing technical and administrative safeguards to prevent unauthorized access or damage while ensuring that authorized users can still perform their work without unnecessary hindrance or data loss.

Network security is threatened by various malicious tools. Viruses damage files, spyware secretly monitors user activity and steals passwords, and spoofing involves an attacker masquerading as a trusted entity (like a bank) to trick a user into revealing sensitive information or allowing unauthorized access to a secure network.

An e-mail bomb is a form of Denial of Service (DoS) attack. By flooding a specific email address or server with thousands of messages simultaneously, the attacker exhausts the target's storage space and processing power. This often causes the mail server to crash or become so slow that legitimate business communications cannot be received.

Backing up your own work (like a report you wrote) is a standard and recommended computing practice. However, accessing someone else's private data (like a grade book), threatening digital harm, or altering official records without authorization are all illegal acts that fall under various computer misuse and data protection laws.

A security risk is any potential event or action that could result in the compromise of an asset. This includes intentional threats like hacking and malware, as well as accidental risks like hardware failure, fire, or human error. Identifying these risks allows organizations to implement the necessary controls to mitigate potential damage.

A bypass (or backdoor) is a method used to circumvent the normal authentication or security controls of a system. Hackers often search for these 'cracks' in software code or configuration to gain entry. Once a bypass is established, an intruder can often navigate the system without triggering the usual security alerts or password prompts.

Released in 1998, 'Back Orifice' was a remote administration tool designed to demonstrate security vulnerabilities in the Windows 95 and 98 operating systems. While its creators claimed it was a tool for network administrators, it was widely used as a Trojan horse to gain unauthorized remote control over computers across the internet.