Government 2025 Jamb Examination

The 'First Past the Post' (FPTP) system is a voting method where the candidate with the highest number of votes wins, even if they do not have an absolute majority (50% + 1). Because it relies on having more votes than any other single opponent, it is commonly known as the simple majority system.

Communalism is a social system where resources and property are owned and managed by the community for the collective benefit of all members. It emphasizes cooperation and shared responsibility, which was a core characteristic of many traditional African societies.

The African Union (AU) was officially launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, following the Sirte Declaration of 1999. This event marked the formal transition from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to the AU to better address the continent's modern challenges.

The civil service is characterized by permanence, neutrality, and anonymity. Unlike political office holders who change with every election, civil servants remain in office to provide the necessary expertise and administrative continuity that keeps the government running across different administrations.

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 first introduced the elective principle in Nigeria, allowing for 4 elected representatives (3 for Lagos, 1 for Calabar). This provision was maintained in the Richards Constitution of 1946 before subsequent constitutions expanded the elective principle further.

Public corporations are established by the government specifically to provide essential services (like electricity, water, and rail transport) to the public at affordable rates. Their primary motive is service delivery rather than profit maximization.

The Federal Character principle is a constitutional provision in Nigeria designed to ensure that appointments to public service offices and the distribution of resources reflect the linguistic, ethnic, religious, and geographic diversity of the country to prevent the dominance of one group.

The Action Group (AG) was a Nigerian political party established in 1951. Chief Obafemi Awolowo was its founder and the first president. The party grew out of the Egbe Omo Oduduwa and served as the main opposition to the NPC and NCNC in the first republic.

Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971. Nigeria is a major exporter of crude oil, and membership allows the country to participate in the coordination of petroleum policies with other oil-producing nations.

Upon gaining independence in 1960, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London remained the final court of appeal for Nigeria. However, when Nigeria became a Republic under the 1963 Constitution, all judicial links to the British Crown were severed, making the Supreme Court of Nigeria the final authority.