Government 2025 Jamb Examination

The term franchise (or suffrage) refers specifically to the right or privilege to participate in public elections. Universal adult franchise means that all qualified adult citizens have the right to vote regardless of race, gender, or social status.

Military coups in Nigeria have historically been justified by the military on the grounds of civilian misrule, widespread corruption, electoral malpractice, and the perceived incapability of political leaders to maintain order and effectively govern the nation.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among its member countries. Its goal is to ensure the stabilisation of oil markets to secure an efficient, economic, and regular supply of petroleum to consumers.

The rule of law requires that justice be administered swiftly and fairly. Court congestion—where cases take years to be resolved—effectively limits the application of the rule of law because 'justice delayed is justice denied.'

A multi-party system is a political setup where multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the body established by the Nigerian constitution to organize and conduct general elections, register political parties, and monitor their activities.

Public corporations are legal entities created by the state (government) through an act of parliament or a decree. They are designed to provide essential services to the public, such as water, electricity, or broadcasting.

In a parliamentary system (the cabinet system), there is a distinction between the Head of State (who may be a President or Monarch) and the Head of Government, who is the Prime Minister. This system is characterized by the fusion of executive and legislative powers.

The judiciary is the arm of government specifically tasked with the interpretation of laws and the administration of justice. In a system of separation of powers, the legislature makes the laws, the executive enforces them, and the judiciary explains their meaning and applies them to specific cases.

Citizenship is a legal status. A citizen is a person who is legally and constitutionally recognised as a member of a sovereign state. This recognition entitles the individual to certain rights and privileges (like voting) and imposes specific duties (like paying taxes).