Government 2025 Jamb Examination

Sovereignty implies supreme power and independence. A sovereign state is one that has the absolute authority to make its own decisions independently, without interference or control from external powers or foreign nations.

A party primary is an internal election held within a political party to determine which candidate will represent the party (the flag bearer) in the general election. This is different from a bye-election, which is held to fill a vacant seat in the legislature.

The Royal Niger Company was a British mercantile company that was granted a royal charter in 1886. This charter gave them the authority to administer, tax, and govern the territories along the Niger River (modern-day Northern and Southern Nigeria) before the British government took over direct control in 1900.

In 1976, the military regime of General Murtala Muhammed (later headed by General Olusegun Obasanjo) increased the number of states in Nigeria from twelve to nineteen. This was done to bring government closer to the people and address minority concerns.

At the Local Government level (the third tier), the legislative arm consists of councillors. The person who presides over their sittings is officially referred to as the Leader of the House. This is equivalent to the Speaker at the State or Federal level.

The core principle of popular sovereignty states that in a democracy, all political power resides in the people. Governments only hold power because the citizens have given them the mandate to govern through elections.

The Commonwealth Secretariat, which is the main intergovernmental agency of the Commonwealth of Nations, is located in Marlborough House, London. This reflects the historical roots of the organisation within the British Empire.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organisation because its membership is specifically limited to countries within the West African sub-region. It is not continental (all of Africa) or global (all of the world).

The Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) is the executive body in Nigeria mandated to recruit, promote, and discipline senior civil servants. While the National Directorate of Employment focuses on job creation for the unemployed, the FCSC manages the internal human resources of the government's administrative arm.

The African Union (AU) is the continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African continent. Unlike ECOWAS, which is restricted to West Africa, or the Commonwealth, which includes non-African former British colonies, the AU serves as the primary umbrella for all-African relations.