Government 2025 Jamb Examination

In a multi-party system, it is often difficult for a single party to win an absolute majority of seats in the legislature. Therefore, two or more parties often form a coalition to gain the necessary strength to form a government and pass legislation.

Although General Ibrahim Babangida took power in 1985, his formal transition programme to return Nigeria to democratic rule was officially launched in 1987 following the report of the Political Bureau. This programme was initially intended to end in 1990 but was repeatedly shifted.

In a Presidential system, the executive powers are concentrated in a single individual called the President, who serves as both the Head of State and Head of Government. This differs from the Parliamentary (Cabinet) system, where executive power is shared among the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

Public corporations are established and owned by the government. Therefore, their initial capital and subsequent subventions (financial grants) for operations are provided from the public treasury, even though they may also generate internal revenue through service charges.

During the debates leading to the formation of the OAU, the Casablanca group (led by Ghana and Guinea) was considered radical because they advocated for immediate political union and a United States of Africa. They were opposed by the Monrovia group, which favoured a more moderate, gradualist approach.

Public opinion is often fickle and susceptible to manipulation by political leaders, interest groups, and the media through propaganda. Because people's views can be influenced or coerced, it can be hard to ascertain the true, independent feelings of the majority at any given time.

Pressure groups organized around a specific trade, vocation, or profession (such as the Nigerian Bar Association or the Nigerian Medical Association) are known as occupational groups or professional interest groups. They primarily exist to protect the welfare and standards of their members.

Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law that prevents foreign diplomats from being prosecuted under the laws of the host country. This acts as a legal exception to the rule of law principle that 'everyone is equal before the law,' as it exempts certain individuals from the local jurisdiction.

Historically, when the military intervened in Nigerian politics (beginning with the January 1966 coup), they frequently cited widespread corruption, mismanagement of public funds, and the inability of elected politicians to maintain law and order as the primary justifications for their takeover.

Adjudication refers to the legal process of resolving a dispute or deciding a case. This is the primary responsibility of the judiciary, which listens to evidence and applies the law to reach a judicial decision, distinguishing it from the law-making role of the legislature.